Outline - 1, BIO 3360, Introduction to Physiology
I. Animal Physiology
A. Biological science
B. How animals work
C. Studied at varying levels of organization
II. Why should one study animal physiology?
A. Biology fundamentals, health, culture
B. Interdisciplinary
i. Biomechanics
ii. Physics
iii. Morphology
iv. Nervous Control
v. Electrophysiology
vi. Biochemistry
III. Physiological processes contribute to survival
A. Mechanistic vs. teleological explanations
B. Mechanistic physiology explanations
C. Evolutionary physiology explanations
D. Environmental physiology explanations
IV. Internal environment and homeostasis
A. Homeostasis is the maintenance of internal constancy
B. Homeostasis is central to understanding physiology
C. Most cells in multicellular organisms are in an internal environment
D. Dynamic equilibrium with small internal fluctuations
E. Negative feedback systems help control homeostasis
i. Opposite effect
ii. The variable being regulated (temperature, salinity, etc.) brings about responses that move the variable in a direction opposite of the direction of the original change
iii. Involves sensor, control center and responder
iv. Examples include body temperature and stimulus-response reflexes
F. Conformity
i. Loss of homeostasis
ii. Temperature of salmon as water temperature changes
G. Regulation
i. Constancy with internal chloride concentrations in salmon
ii. Regulators use mechanisms to regulate their internal environment over a rage of external environment changes
iii. Strive for a zone of stability