Outline - 1, BIO 2310, Skeletal Tissue

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V. SKELETAL TISSUE (Connective Tissue)

A. Cartilage {Chondr-}

1. Chondrocytes

2. Matrix

a. Jelly-like substance (glycoproteins)

b. Collagen

c. Elastic fibers

3. Perichondrium

4. Nonvascular

5. Types of cartilage

a. Hyaline

1. Numerous chondrocytes

2. Joints, nose, throat, trachea, ribs, embryo

b. Elastic

• Epiglottis, pinna, Eustachian tube

c. Fibrocartilage (collagen)

• Intervertebral disc, symphysis pubis

B. Bone [os, osteo]

1. Osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

2. Matrix = Intercellular substance

a. Calcium phosphate [2/3]

b. Collagen [1/3]

c. Hydroxyapatite crystals

3. Very vascular

4. Periosteum

5. General Functions

a. Support & Protection

b. Blood formation

c. Storage

d. Movement

C. Parts of a typical long bone

1. Diaphysis

Shaft

2. Epiphysis

Ends

3. Metaphysis

Neck

4. Articular cartilage

5. Periosteum

6. Marrow = Medullary cavity

7. Endosteum

D. Bone types according to Interosseous spaces

1. Compact bone

a. Osteon

1. Central (Haversian) Canal

2. Perforating (Volkmann's) Canal

3. Lamellae

Concentric rings

4. Osteocytes in lacunae

2. Spongy = Cancellous bone

• Trabeculae

E. Ossification

1. Intramembranous

Direct

2. Endochondral [epiphyseal plate]

Indirect

3. Remodeling & Diameter growth

• osteoclasts & osteoblasts

F. Bone types according to shape

1. Long

2. Short

3. Flat

4. Irregular

5. Misc. Sesamoid

G. Bone markings (fissure, foramen, meatus, fossa, condyle, facet) Table 7-2 Seeley or 9.1 in your lab manual.

H. Into. to Human Skeleton

206 adult bones, Axial skeleton - 80 bones, Appendicular - 126 bones which includes girdles and appendages